On Day 2 of COP30 in Belém, discussions shifted toward practical solutions for adaptation and resilience. Delegates emphasized the growing urgency of protecting people and infrastructure from extreme heat, storms, flooding, and other climate impacts. New analysis released at the conference highlighted the scale of the challenge, estimating that developing nations may need hundreds of billions annually by the 2030s to adapt effectively, far more than current funding levels. Several countries responded with new commitments, including fresh contributions to resilience programs and impact bonds aimed at improving weather data and preparedness in vulnerable regions.

Local governments and cities were central to the Day 2 agenda. Brazil announced major initiatives to strengthen multilevel governance, including a coalition designed to embed climate action across national, regional, and municipal planning. Cooling and buildings were another major focus area, with new programs advancing global pledges to reduce emissions from cooling systems, improve housing quality, and shift toward low-carbon construction materials. Progress also continued on food systems and carbon markets, including steps forward in negotiations on Article 6 and updated national climate commitments from several countries.

Day 3 expanded the spotlight to people, jobs, and skills. Delegates launched the Global Initiative on Jobs and Skills for the New Economy, underscoring that the climate transition is expected to generate hundreds of millions of jobs worldwide in both mitigation and adaptation fields. The program aims to support countries in building the workforce needed for a low-carbon, climate-resilient global economy. Early partners include a mix of emerging and developing economies that are rapidly scaling climate-aligned industries.

Human rights, Indigenous leadership, and cultural heritage also played a growing role. A ministerial dialogue showcased community-led adaptation strategies, especially in regions facing severe climate threats. Discussions on information integrity highlighted the rising challenge of climate misinformation and the need for coordinated action to protect public trust. Additional announcements on green procurement for materials like steel and cement reflected progress on decarbonizing heavy industries.

Together, the outcomes of Days 2 and 3 show COP30 evolving beyond high-level pledges toward the practical, people-centered work of implementation, linking finance, governance, skills, and community leadership to accelerate climate action on the ground.

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